ラバー・ソール(RUBBER SOLE)とラバー・ソウル(RUBBER SOUL)

ジョン・ムーアの靴のブログでラバー・ソール（RUBBER SOLE)に触れたので、ちょっとその事とビートルズのアルバム「ラバー・ソウル(RUBBER SOUL)について何となく思う所があったので書いてみたい。そもそもSOLEとはヒラメの意味である。靴の底の形がどことなくヒラメに似ている事から靴底はSOLEと呼ばれるようになったらしい。ゆえにゴム底はラバー・ソール（RUBBER SOLE)と呼ばれるようになったのだろう。で、これを捩って命名されたのがビートルズのアルバム「ラバー・ソウル（RUBBER SOUL）」である。このアルバムがリリースされた１９６５年、ビートルズを中心とするブリティッシュ・グループ達のサウンドの基盤がＲ&Ｂ、ソウル・ミュージックであったのは言うまでも無い事だ。ビートルズが１９６４年、アメリカに上陸した際、彼等のサウンドを聴いたジェームス・ブラウンは「イギリスの奴らに俺たち黒人音楽は盗まれた」と嘆いたそうだ。ビートルズはチャック・ベリーやファッツ・ドミノ、リトル・リチャードやスモーキー・ロビンソン、そしてマーベレッツ等のファルセット、シャウト、ハーモニーを巧みに取り入れビートルズ・サウンドを創り上げた。当時、まだ黒人音楽が市民権を得てない時代に白人、それもイギリスからやって来たビートルズが彼等黒人音楽を手本に堂々とメディアに登場して来た事に黒人シンガー達は驚きと口惜しさを隠しきれなかったのだろう。だが、ビートルズ登場によってＲ&ＢやＲ&Ｒが注目を浴びたのも事実である。白人によって黒人音楽を堂々とアピールしたのはプレスリー以来の事だった。黒人達がどう思っていたかはともかくビートルズはＲ&ＢやＲ&Ｒに敬意を払っていた。なぜならその証拠に、当のビートルズや、後発デビューのローリング・ストーンズは彼等がやっているサウンドは黒人からの借り物でまがい物のソウルだと常に語り合っていたらしい。そして、彼等はお互いのやっている黒っぽいサウンドをプラスティック・ソウル（PLASTIC SOUL)と呼び合っていた。それは合成もの、つまり本物ではないソウル・ミュージックと言う意味なのだろう。プラスティックと言う単語は柔軟なと言う意味合いも持つ。ラバーに近い感触があるのだろう。ポール・マッカートニーはアルバム・タイトルを考えている際、シャレも含めてこの「RUBBER SOUL」と言うタイトルを思いついたらしい。だが、僕は勝手にこのタイトルにはもうひとつ、実にビートルズらしさが隠されているような気がする。ラバー・ソール＝ゴム底靴はその昔ビートル・クラシャー（BEETLE CRUSHER）と呼ばれていた。農園で害虫退治用の作業靴がそう呼ばれていたのだ。それこそがラバー・ソールの原型と言われている。ポール・マッカートニーがこのタイトル「ラバー・ソウル」を考える時、無意識にその事が頭の中にあったのではないだろうか？

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